Formatting the output using printf():
printf() is the function used to print the formatted output
on the console output device (Monitor).
Formatting integer: (%wd)
‘w’ is the width in which number is printed.
If ‘w’ is the positive number then the number is right
aligned.
If ‘w’ is the negative number then the number is left
aligned.
If we specify 0 before w then leading 0s are added.
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int x=2453;
clrscr();
printf(“%10d”,x);
printf(“\n%8d”,x);
printf(“\n%08d”,x);
printf(“\n%-10d”,x);
getch();
}
Output:
Formatting floating point numbers: (%w.pf)
Here ‘w’ specifies the width in which number is printed.
‘p’ is the number of decimal places to which number is
rounded.
If ‘w’ is the positive number, then the number is right
aligned.
If ‘w’ is the negative number, then the number is left
aligned.
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
float x=75.256785;
clrscr();
printf(“%10.3f”,x);
printf(“\n%8.2f”,x);
printf(“\n%08.3f”,x);
printf(“\n%-10.2f”,x);
printf(“\n%*.*f”,8,2,x); /* first * is replaced with 8, second * is replaced with 2*/
getch();
}
Output:
 |
Escape sequences: (Back slash characters)
There are some characters prefixed with a back slash (\)
used to format the output.
Every back slash character is considered as a single
character constant, has its ASCII value.
C language supports the following back slash characters.
|
Escape Sequence |
ASCII |
Purpose |
|
\n |
10 |
Next line character. |
|
\t |
9 |
Horizontal tag |
|
\a |
7 |
Produces the beep sound |
|
\f |
12 |
Form feed |
|
\r |
13 |
Sends the cursor to the first column of the same line |
|
\\ |
92 |
To print \ (Back slash) |
|
\” |
34 |
To print “ |
|
\b |
8 |
Back space character |
|
\v |
11 |
Vertical tab |
\n:
It is called next line character used to send the control to
the next line on the screen.
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
printf(“Hello\nworld”);
printf(“\n\n”);
printf(“C made easy”);
getch();
}
Output:
Hello
World
C made easy
\t:
It is the horizontal tab character prints 8 spaces
horizontally.
Example :
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
printf(“Hello\tWorld”);
getch();
}
Output:
Hello World
Example :
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
printf(“\n*\n*\t*\n*\t*\t*”);
getch();
}
Output:
*
* *
* * *
\b:
It is a back space character sends the output control one
character back in the same line.
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
printf(“Hello world\b\b”);
getch();
}
Output:
Hello world
Example explained:
The first \b sends the control to ‘d’, second \b sends the
control to ‘l’. Now the control is on ‘l’.
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
printf(“Hello World\b\b\b\b\bComputer”);
getch();
}
Output:
Hello Computer
Example explained:
Five \b s send the control to ‘W’, Computer is overwritten
on to the World.
\a:
It is an escape sequence produces the <beep> sound. It
is generally used to get the user attention while displaying the error messages
or warnings.
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,c;
clrscr();
printf(“\aEnter the first number:”);
scanf(“%d”,&a);
printf(“\aEnter the second number:”);
scanf(“%d”,&b);
c=a+b;
printf(“\aSum of two numbers %d”,c);
getch();
}
Example explained:
Produces beep sound for every input and output.
Note:
Make sure that, a speaker is provided on the mother board.
\r:
Sends the cursor to
the first column of the same line
Example :
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
printf(“Hello World\rComputer”);
getch();
}
Output:
Computerrld
Example explained:
\r sends the control to the first column of the same line (‘H’ of Hello world). “Computer” is overwritten on ‘Hello Wo’. Hence the output is “Computerrld”.
\\:
It prints a back slash (\).
Example :
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
printf(“nice\niit”);
getch();
}
Output:
nice
iit
Example explained:
The output is not as we expected, because ‘\n’ worked like a
next line character.
Example rectified:
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
printf(“nice\\niit”);
getch();
}
Output:
nice\niit
\”:
It is to print “(Double quotation).
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
printf(“ “nice” is nice “);
getch();
}
Output:
Error: Function call missing ) in function main
Example explained:
A printf statement must not have more than two “(Double
quotes).
Example rectified:
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
printf(“ \”nice\” is nice”);
getch();
}
Output:
“nice” is nice
\v: (Not for Turbo C)
It is vertical tab skips 8 lines next to the current line.
Note: It may not work
in all environments.
#include<stdio.h>
void main();
{
printf(“Hello”);
printf(“\v”);
printf(“World”);
}
Output:
Hello
World
\f:
It is called form feed character. It sends the control to
the first line of next page. It is equal to page break.
It only works when printing on paper using a C program.
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